Nine things that have changed since the 2015 Paris climate agreement

Trillions have flowed into clean investment — yet fossil fuels still reign supreme. As preparations begin for the COP30 UN climate summit, Contexte examines the shifting global picture since the landmark global accord was signed ten years ago.
05 November 2025 at 8h00
Energy
Decision-makers are gathering in Belém, Brazil, as the landmark Paris climate agreement celebrates its tenth birthday. Ekvals/iStock

Decision-makers are gathering in Belém, Brazil, for the COP30 UN summit, starting on 10 November.

This edition of the climate gathering comes ten years after the adoption of the Paris Agreement — but the world looks very different from 2015. Emissions have fallen, yet global temperatures keep rising, and the world is still searching for its climate leader.

Contexte examines the shifting global picture for the landmark climate accord as it enters its second decade.

1. Rulemaking is done —…

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Who’s who in EU energy policy Who’s who in EU energy policy
Illustration Jérémie Luciani
Infographic

Who’s who in EU energy policy

Who shapes EU legislation on energy and climate issues? From those who make the law to those who support, inform or influence it, Contexte has mapped out over 75 key players in Brussels’ dense energy and climate ecosystem.
Brussels fights to save its 2040 climate targets, as capitals push back Brussels fights to save its 2040 climate targets, as capitals push back
Bombaert/iStock

Brussels fights to save its 2040 climate targets, as capitals push back

First seen as a mere staging post on the path to climate neutrality, the EU’s objective to legislate for 90% emissions cuts by 2040 has now become a major political headache. Pushback from member states has forced the European Commission to offer reassurances on topics from cars to forestry — but lofty climate ambitions limit Brussels’ wiggle room. If a 23 October summit discussion on climate goals spills over, some warn it could prove messy — and divisive.
2040 climate target
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EU climate law
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COP30 Brazil
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Emissions trading system (ETS)
Fit for 54: EU says it’s on track for 2030 climate target Fit for 54: EU says it’s on track for 2030 climate target

Fit for 54: EU says it’s on track for 2030 climate target

The European Commission’s analysis of National Energy and Climate Plans puts the bloc within a whisker of its goal to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030. The figures are an improvement on a previous December 2023 assessment — but the rosy headline masks significant shortfalls in areas such as transport, buildings and energy efficiency.
EU climate law
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Renewables
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Electricity
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Energy networks
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Greenhouse gases
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Energy security
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Climate change
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CO2 emissions
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Fossil fuels
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Solar power
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Energy policy
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Electricity markets
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Energy consumption
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Energy efficiency
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Emissions reduction
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Energy union

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